Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells are able to compartmentalize specific chemical reactions within organelles?

Accepted Answer

Because internal membranes divide the cell into compartments, allowing specialized environments for different reactions.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell that contains a nucleoid, ribosomes, a plasma membrane, and a cell wall, but lacks membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Why are most cells microscopic in size rather than large?

Accepted Answer

Because smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of protein synthesis, translating mRNA into polypeptides.

Question 5

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and damaged organelles

Question 6

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 7

According to the endosymbiont theory, which of the following organelles originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 10

A researcher uses a centrifuge to separate cell components by size and density. After spinning a homogenate at $$1,000 \ g$$ for $$10$$ minutes, which of the following would most likely be found in the pellet?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 12

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled movement of fluids between cells, leading to leakage.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are derived from ancient prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 14

Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular matrix

Question 15

A cell is observed under an electron microscope and shows extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Production of large amounts of proteins for export

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow direct exchange of materials between adjacent plant cells.

Question 17

A muscle cell contracts by sliding filaments past each other. Which cytoskeletal element is most directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin filaments)

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the surface area-to-volume ratio is important for cell function?

Accepted Answer

A higher ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs

Question 20

A cell is observed to have many vesicles moving along microtubules toward the tip of an axon. Which type of protein is most likely responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Motor proteins powered by ATP

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Organization

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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