Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to have originated via the endosymbiont theory?

Accepted Answer

They have their own DNA and double membranes, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 2

A nerve cell is elongated and measures $$125 	imes 1 	imes 1$$ arbitrary units. What is its surface-to-volume ratio, and how does this compare to a cube-shaped cell of $$5 	imes 5 	imes 5$$ units?

Accepted Answer

Nerve cell: $$\frac{502}{125}$$; Cube cell: $$\frac{150}{125}$$; Nerve cell has a higher surface-to-volume ratio.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of secretory proteins

Question 4

A protein destined to be secreted from a pancreatic cell follows which correct path through the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ transport vesicle $$\rightarrow$$ plasma membrane

Question 5

Which statement best describes the function of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They use information from DNA to synthesize polypeptides.

Question 6

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 7

A mutation prevents the formation of the nuclear lamina in a cell. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus will lose mechanical support and may become misshapen.

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of alcohol in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 9

A plant cell is observed to have a very large central vacuole. Which of the following is NOT a function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and tags macromolecules for delivery to other destinations.

Question 11

If a cell's lysosomes are nonfunctional due to a genetic disorder, which of the following is a likely result?

Accepted Answer

The cell will accumulate undigested macromolecules, leading to cellular damage.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell.

Question 13

During cellular respiration, which organelle is responsible for extracting energy from sugars to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded into cristae?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for enzymes involved in ATP production

Question 15

A researcher isolates a cell organelle that contains its own DNA, ribosomes, and is surrounded by a double membrane. Which organelle is most likely being studied?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of membrane proteins

Question 17

Which process allows lysosomes to recycle the cell's own organic material?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy

Question 18

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional transport vesicles. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus

Question 19

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a central vacuole and chloroplasts

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the nucleus and ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus houses DNA, which is transcribed into mRNA that ribosomes translate into proteins.

A Tour of the Eukaryotic Cell: Structure, Function, and Organization

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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