Question 1

Which of the following best defines an organic molecule in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen atoms, often with carbon forming covalent bonds with other carbons or hydrogens.

Question 2

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids and is represented by the formula $$-COOH$$?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 3

A dehydration reaction is essential for which of the following cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Forming a polymer from monomers by removing a molecule of water

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered unhealthy compared to unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats increase LDL (bad cholesterol) and decrease HDL (good cholesterol), raising the risk of heart disease.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the structure of phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails.

Question 6

A protein's function is most directly determined by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Its three-dimensional shape (tertiary structure)

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and is double-stranded, while RNA contains ribose sugar and is usually single-stranded.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct match between a biomolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – amino acid

Question 9

A scientist is using a microscope to observe the surface of a pollen grain in high detail. Which type of microscope is most appropriate for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

A high surface area-to-volume ratio allows efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 12

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that results in the accumulation of undigested lipids in their cells. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 13

Which of the following best supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain their own circular DNA and double membranes.

Question 14

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 15

Which of the following cell junctions allows direct communication between the cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 16

A researcher observes a cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the plasma membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the process of hydrolysis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down a polymer into monomers by adding a molecule of water

Question 20

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional peroxisomes. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

BIO 101 Study Guide: The Molecules of Cells & A Tour of the Cell

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard