Q1. What is diffusion?

Background

Topic: Diffusion

This question tests your understanding of the basic concept of diffusion, a fundamental process in biology where molecules move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

Key Terms:

• Diffusion: The passive movement of particles (such as molecules or ions) from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

• Concentration Gradient: The difference in concentration between two regions.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Start by considering what happens when you place a drop of dye in water. The dye spreads out over time without stirring.

2. Think about the direction of movement: molecules move from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated.

3. Reflect on whether energy is required for this process, and whether it happens in living and non-living systems.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q2. What did we measure with the sensor/probe to determine if diffusion occurred?

Background

Topic: Experimental Measurement of Diffusion

This question is about how diffusion was detected in the lab using sensors or probes.

Key Terms:

• Sensor/Probe: A device used to measure a specific property (such as pH, concentration, or conductivity).

• Indicator: A measurable property that changes as diffusion occurs.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall what substances were involved in the experiment (e.g., ammonia, water).

2. Think about what property changed as diffusion happened (such as pH or concentration).

3. Consider what the sensor/probe was specifically measuring during the experiment.

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Q3. What is pH a measure of? Why did pH increase rather than decrease in the beaker?

Background

Topic: pH and Chemical Changes

This question tests your understanding of pH and how it changes in response to chemical processes.

Key Terms:

• pH: A scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions () in a solution.

• Acidic: pH less than 7; higher .

• Basic (Alkaline): pH greater than 7; lower .

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the definition of pH: .

2. Think about what happens when ammonia (a base) is added to water.

3. Consider how the concentration of hydrogen ions changes when a base is added.

4. Reflect on why the pH would increase (become more basic) rather than decrease.

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Q4. How did higher temperature affect diffusion? Explain why.

Background

Topic: Factors Affecting Diffusion

This question explores how temperature influences the rate of diffusion.

Key Terms:

• Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.

• Diffusion Rate: The speed at which molecules move from high to low concentration.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall that increasing temperature increases the kinetic energy of molecules.

2. Think about how faster-moving molecules affect the rate of diffusion.

3. Consider the relationship between temperature and diffusion rate.

4. Reflect on the experimental results you observed in the lab.

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Q5. What does a slope of zero indicate is occurring in the experiment?

Background

Topic: Data Interpretation in Experiments

This question is about understanding what a zero slope means in the context of experimental data (such as pH over time).

Key Terms:

• Slope: The rate of change of a variable (e.g., pH) over time.

• Equilibrium: A state where concentrations are balanced and no net change occurs.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall what a slope represents in a graph (change in y over change in x).

2. Think about what it means if the slope is zero (no change over time).

3. Consider whether this indicates that diffusion is still occurring or has stopped.

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Q6. If a second probe were placed at the point where the ammonia was added, how would the pH readings differ from the first probe? Would the two sensors eventually have the same readings? Why?

Background

Topic: Diffusion and Equilibrium

This question tests your understanding of how diffusion leads to equilibrium and how measurements change over time.

Key Terms:

• Concentration Gradient

• Equilibrium

• pH Measurement

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Think about the initial pH at the point of ammonia addition versus elsewhere in the beaker.

2. Consider how diffusion causes ammonia to spread throughout the solution.

3. Reflect on whether the pH readings at both probes would change over time.

4. Consider what happens once equilibrium is reached.

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Q7. What is the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium?

Background

Topic: Types of Equilibrium

This question asks you to distinguish between two types of equilibrium relevant to biological systems.

Key Terms:

• Static Equilibrium: No movement or change occurs.

• Dynamic Equilibrium: Continuous movement occurs, but no net change.

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Define static equilibrium and consider if molecules are moving.

2. Define dynamic equilibrium and consider if molecules are moving.

3. Think about which type is more common in biological systems.

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Q8. What is osmosis? How does it differ from diffusion? How is it the same?

Background

Topic: Osmosis and Diffusion

This question tests your understanding of osmosis and its relationship to diffusion.

Key Terms:

• Osmosis: The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

• Diffusion: Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

• Selectively Permeable Membrane

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Define osmosis and diffusion.

2. Identify what is moving in each process (water vs. other molecules).

3. Consider the role of membranes in osmosis.

4. Reflect on how both processes involve movement down a concentration gradient.

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Q9. What happened to eggs placed in each of the four solutions? Be able to explain why and use the terms isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic in relation to each solution.

Background

Topic: Osmosis and Tonicity

This question tests your understanding of how cells (or model cells like eggs) respond to different solution environments.

Key Terms:

• Isotonic: Solution with equal solute concentration as the cell.

• Hypertonic: Solution with higher solute concentration than the cell.

• Hypotonic: Solution with lower solute concentration than the cell.

• Osmosis

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall what happened to the eggs in each solution (mass increase, decrease, or no change).

2. Match each outcome to the terms isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic.

3. Explain why water moved in or out of the egg in each case.

4. Use the correct terminology to describe each scenario.

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Q10. Which egg showed the greatest change in mass? Explain why.

Background

Topic: Osmosis and Tonicity

This question asks you to identify which solution caused the most dramatic change and explain the reason.

Key Terms:

• Hypotonic Solution

• Hypertonic Solution

• Osmosis

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall which solution had the greatest difference in solute concentration compared to the egg.

2. Think about the direction of water movement in each case.

3. Consider why the egg's mass changed the most in that solution.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q11. How do the decalcified eggs model a cell?

Background

Topic: Cell Membrane and Osmosis

This question is about using eggs as a model for cell structure and function.

Key Terms:

• Decalcified Egg: An egg with its shell removed, leaving the membrane.

• Cell Membrane

• Osmosis

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Consider what remains after the shell is removed from the egg.

2. Think about how the egg membrane is similar to a cell membrane.

3. Reflect on how osmosis can occur across the egg membrane.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q12. What happens to red blood cells placed in isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions?

Background

Topic: Osmosis and Cell Tonicity

This question tests your understanding of how cells respond to different environments.

Key Terms:

• Isotonic Solution

• Hypertonic Solution

• Hypotonic Solution

• Osmosis

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall what happens to cells in each type of solution (shrink, swell, or stay the same).

2. Think about the direction of water movement in each scenario.

3. Use the correct terminology to describe the cell's response.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q13. What is cellular respiration? What chemical equation describes cellular respiration of glucose?

Background

Topic: Cellular Respiration

This question tests your understanding of the process by which cells generate energy and the chemical equation involved.

Key Terms and Formula:

• Cellular Respiration: The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.

• Glucose ()

• ATP: Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.

Chemical Equation:

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Define cellular respiration and its purpose in cells.

2. Recall the reactants and products involved in the process.

3. Write out the balanced chemical equation for glucose respiration.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q14. What did we measure with the sensor/probe to detect cellular respiration? Why?

Background

Topic: Experimental Detection of Cellular Respiration

This question is about how cellular respiration was measured in the lab.

Key Terms:

• Sensor/Probe

• Carbon Dioxide ()

• Oxygen ()

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall what products are released during cellular respiration.

2. Think about which product can be easily measured in the lab.

3. Consider why measuring this product indicates cellular respiration is occurring.

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Q15. What is germination?

Background

Topic: Seed Germination

This question tests your understanding of the process by which seeds begin to grow.

Key Terms:

• Germination: The process by which a seed begins to grow and develop into a new plant.

• Seed

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Define germination in your own words.

2. Think about what triggers germination in seeds.

3. Consider the stages involved in germination.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!

Q16. What do seeds need to germinate?

Background

Topic: Requirements for Germination

This question asks you to identify the conditions necessary for seeds to begin growing.

Key Terms:

• Water

• Oxygen

• Temperature

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. List the basic requirements for seed germination.

2. Think about why each requirement is important.

3. Consider if light is always necessary for germination.

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Q17. Explain the role of moisture in germination.

Background

Topic: Water and Seed Germination

This question is about why water is essential for seeds to begin growing.

Key Terms:

• Moisture

• Metabolism

• Enzyme Activation

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Think about what happens when a dry seed absorbs water.

2. Consider how water activates enzymes and metabolism in the seed.

3. Reflect on why moisture is the first step in germination.

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Q18. Where did the reactants for cellular respiration come from in our experiment?

Background

Topic: Sources of Reactants in Cellular Respiration

This question asks you to identify where glucose and oxygen originated in the lab experiment.

Key Terms:

• Glucose

• Oxygen

• Seeds

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall what materials were used in the experiment (e.g., seeds, water).

2. Think about how seeds obtain glucose and oxygen.

3. Consider whether the reactants were present in the seed or provided by the environment.

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Q19. Did we find any evidence of germination during our experiment? Explain.

Background

Topic: Experimental Evidence of Germination

This question asks you to interpret lab results regarding seed germination.

Key Terms:

• Germination

• Cellular Respiration

• Experimental Evidence

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall what signs of germination you looked for in the experiment.

2. Think about whether you observed increased respiration or growth.

3. Consider how these observations indicate germination.

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Q20. What organelle in the cell is important in cellular respiration?

Background

Topic: Cellular Organelles

This question tests your knowledge of cell structure and function.

Key Terms:

• Mitochondria

• Cellular Respiration

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell.

2. Think about where ATP is produced in eukaryotic cells.

3. Consider the role of this organelle in cellular respiration.

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Q21. What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration? Briefly what happens in each stage? Where does each take place in the cell?

Background

Topic: Stages of Cellular Respiration

This question tests your understanding of the steps involved in cellular respiration and their locations.

Key Terms:

• Glycolysis

• Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

• Electron Transport Chain

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. List the three stages of cellular respiration.

2. Briefly describe what happens in each stage.

3. Identify where each stage occurs in the cell (cytoplasm or mitochondria).

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Q22. During which stage is the most ATP produced?

Background

Topic: ATP Production in Cellular Respiration

This question asks you to identify which stage of cellular respiration yields the most energy.

Key Terms:

• ATP

• Electron Transport Chain

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Recall the three stages of cellular respiration.

2. Think about which stage involves the transfer of electrons and creation of a proton gradient.

3. Consider where most ATP is synthesized in the process.

Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!