Q: A cell is actively transporting sodium ions out and potassium ions in. Which membrane protein is responsible for this process, and what is the equation for the energy required?

Sodium-potassium pump; $$ \text{ATP} \rightarrow \text{ADP} + \text{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction as it relates to ATP production in cells?

Accepted Answer

It forms ATP from ADP and phosphate by removing water.

Question 2

A scientist places a red blood cell in a solution with a higher concentration of NaCl than inside the cell. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves the cell by osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of a nucleotide found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (A, T, G, or C)

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells and is believed to have originated via endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

A solution is described as hypertonic to a plant cell. What is the most likely effect on the plant cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches a nitrogenous base with its complementary base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)

Question 10

A cell is actively transporting sodium ions out and potassium ions in. Which membrane protein is responsible for this process, and what is the equation for the energy required?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump; $$ 	ext{ATP} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 11

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the 5’ to 3’ directionality of DNA and RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides are added to the 3’ end during synthesis.

Question 13

Which of the following is a major difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis involves the uptake of large particles; pinocytosis involves the uptake of fluids.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the phospholipid bilayer of biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

It contains embedded proteins that assist in transport and signaling.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct formula for the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{ATP} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about monosaccharides and polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides are simple sugars; polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made of monosaccharide units.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the universal solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

The 3D structure of a protein is determined by its sequence of amino acids.

Question 19

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

There will be no net movement of water; the cell will remain the same size.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

It proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

BIO 111 Test #2 Study Guide: Core Concepts in General Biology

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