Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between homologous and analogous structures?

Accepted Answer

Homologous structures share a common evolutionary origin, while analogous structures perform similar functions but evolved independently.

Question 2

A population of birds is separated by a newly formed river, preventing gene flow between the two groups. Over time, these groups evolve into distinct species. Which process best explains this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a prezygotic barrier to reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Reduced hybrid fertility

Question 4

A population of beetles experiences a sudden flood, drastically reducing its size. The surviving beetles have a different allele frequency than the original population. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Bottleneck effect

Question 5

Which of the following statements about gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and lack an outer membrane.

Question 6

Which metabolic substrate is available to all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 7

Which process involves the direct uptake of foreign DNA from the environment by a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 8

A researcher discovers a new organism that thrives in extremely salty environments and lacks peptidoglycan in its cell wall. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group colonizes a new area, leading to a gene pool that differs from the original population.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

The similar body shapes of dolphins (mammals) and sharks (fish) due to adaptation to aquatic environments.

Question 11

Which equation represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for allele frequencies in a population?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nuclear envelope

Question 13

Which type of selection increases the frequency of individuals with extreme phenotypes at both ends of the range?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a monophyletic group in a phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

A group that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of postzygotic reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid offspring are sterile and cannot produce offspring.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes?

Accepted Answer

Obligate anaerobes are killed by oxygen, while facultative anaerobes can survive with or without oxygen.

Question 17

Which process is responsible for the exchange of genetic material between bacteria via a pilus?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Only Bacteria have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

The rapid evolution of many diverse species from a common ancestor, often following the colonization of new habitats.

Question 20

A scientist observes that two species of frogs live in the same pond but breed at different times of the year. Which type of reproductive barrier is this?

Accepted Answer

Temporal isolation

BIO 1111 Midterm Study Guide: Evolution, Speciation, Phylogeny, and Domains of Life

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard