Question 1

Which scientist's experiments with mice and Streptococcus pneumoniae first demonstrated that a 'transforming principle' could transfer genetic information between organisms?

Accepted Answer

Griffith

Question 2

According to Chargaff's rules, if a DNA molecule contains 30% adenine, what percentage of guanine would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

$$20\%$$

Question 3

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with Down syndrome. Which chromosomal abnormality is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical cells; meiosis produces four genetically unique cells.

Question 6

A woman who is heterozygous for the X-linked colorblindness allele (X$$^NX$^n) $$has a child with a man who is not colorblind (X$$^NY). $$What is the probability that their son will be colorblind?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 7

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 8

In humans, how many autosomes are present in a typical somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$44$$

Question 9

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 10

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 11

Which enzyme is responsible for adding RNA primers during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 12

A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why telomeres shorten during DNA replication in most somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase cannot fully replicate the 5' ends of linear chromosomes.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A pink snapdragon flower resulting from a cross between red and white parents

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the separation of homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I

Question 16

A cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint due to DNA damage. What is the most likely outcome for this cell?

Accepted Answer

It will enter a non-dividing state called G0.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a Barr body?

Accepted Answer

An inactivated X chromosome found in female somatic cells

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

It applies to genes located on different chromosomes.

Question 19

Which organelles contain extranuclear DNA, and how is this DNA typically inherited?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts; inherited maternally

Question 20

A man with blood type A (genotype $$I^A i) $$and a woman with blood type B (genotype $$I^B i) $$have a child. What is the probability that their child will have type O blood?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

BIO 121 Exam 3 Study Guide: Molecular Genetics, Cell Division, and Inheritance

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