Question 1

Which of the following best explains why plant cells placed in a hypertonic solution will shrink?

Accepted Answer

Water moves out of the cell by osmosis because the solute concentration is higher outside the cell.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell wall made of chitin. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

The fluidity of the membrane increases as the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increases.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of aquaporins in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid movement of water molecules across the membrane.

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It uses the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize ATP from ADP and $$\mathrm{P_i}.$$

Question 8

During which step of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and chemiosmosis)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy barrier, increasing the rate of a reaction without being consumed.

Question 10

A competitive inhibitor affects an enzyme by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the flow of electrons during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose $$\rightarrow$$ NADH $$\rightarrow$$ electron transport chain $$\rightarrow O$_2$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between C3 and C4 plants?

Accepted Answer

C4 plants spatially separate carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle, while C3 plants do not.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the Calvin cycle is considered a cycle?

Accepted Answer

The molecule ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) is regenerated at the end of each turn, allowing the cycle to continue.

Question 14

Which of the following is a similarity between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Both involve an electron transport chain that creates a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.

Question 15

In the context of redox reactions, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, while reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the fate of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the final electron acceptor and is reduced to form water.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and helps regulate cell behavior.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell.

Question 19

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall composed of cellulose. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is important for cells under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

It regenerates NAD$$^+$$, allowing glycolysis to continue producing ATP.

BIO 1305 Unit 2 Study Guide: Cells, Membranes, Metabolism, and Energy

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