Question 1

Which of the following best describes the monomer of a protein, and what are its key functional groups?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid; contains an amine group ($$\mathrm{NH_2$}$$), a carboxyl group ($$\mathrm{COOH}$$), a hydrogen atom, and an R group

Question 2

Which process is responsible for joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide, and what is a byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) is $$produced

Question 3

A triglyceride molecule is composed of which subunits, and how are they connected?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol and three fatty acids, connected by ester bonds

Question 4

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and uses thymine, while RNA contains ribose sugar and uses uracil

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They contain one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the fatty acid chains that prevent tight packing

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and structural support

Question 7

A student is analyzing a molecule with the formula $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}. $$Which class of biomolecule does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate (monosaccharide)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The interaction of two or more polypeptide chains to form a functional protein

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of a biomolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid – monosaccharide

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the role of phospholipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward, creating a selective barrier

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine via 2 hydrogen bonds; guanine pairs with cytosine via 3 hydrogen bonds

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of a polysaccharide and its function?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose in plant cell walls provides structural support

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder affecting the production of hemoglobin. Which class of biomolecule is directly involved, and what is its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein; amino acid

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monomer and a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A monomer is a single unit, while a polymer is a chain of repeating monomers

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining membrane structure and fluidity

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered proteins?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds and have specific 3D structures

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids, releasing water ($$\mathrm{H_2O})$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of waxes in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They provide protective coverings, such as on plant leaves and animal fur

Question 20

A scientist discovers a molecule with a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, an amine group ($$\mathrm{NH_2$}$$), a carboxyl group ($$\mathrm{COOH}$$), and a variable R group. What type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Biological Macromolecules: Structure, Function, and Building Blocks

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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