Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between glucose, fructose, and galactose as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

They are isomers, sharing the same molecular formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ but differing in structure.

Question 2

What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides to create a disaccharide, as seen in the sucrose and lactose molecules in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 3

Which two monosaccharides combine to form sucrose, as shown in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and fructose

Question 4

The third and fourth images show two types of fatty acids. Which statement correctly identifies the difference between them?

Accepted Answer

The third image is a saturated fatty acid (no double bonds), and the fourth is an unsaturated fatty acid (contains a double bond).

Question 5

Why are unsaturated fats, such as the one shown in the fourth image, typically liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

The presence of double bonds creates kinks in the fatty acid chains, preventing tight packing.

Question 6

Refer to the fifth image. What does label 'A' represent in the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group

Question 7

In the DNA molecule shown in the fifth image, which base pairs with cytosine (label F)?

Accepted Answer

Guanine (label E)

Question 8

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers, and what is released or consumed during this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis; water is consumed

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of glycosidic bonds. Which biological process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Formation of disaccharides and polysaccharides from monosaccharides

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why trans fats, as shown in the third image, are considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats can increase LDL cholesterol and contribute to heart disease by promoting arterial plaque formation.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They form the primary structure of cell membranes due to their amphipathic nature.

Question 12

A protein is exposed to high heat and loses its functional shape. What is this process called, and what is the likely result?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; the protein loses its function

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA as shown in the fifth image?

Accepted Answer

A double helix with complementary base pairing

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a protein and its function?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin – transports substances in the blood

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide, as found in DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is difficult for humans to digest?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzymes to break the specific glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a purine found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 19

What is the general formula for carbohydrates, and what does this imply about their composition?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$; the ratio of carbon:hydrogen:oxygen is 1:2:1

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why steroids are classified as lipids?

Accepted Answer

They are hydrophobic and insoluble in water.

Biological Macromolecules Study Guide – General Biology

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