Question 1

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids and is commonly found at the end of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 2

A dehydration synthesis reaction between two glucose molecules results in the formation of which disaccharide and what byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Maltose and water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a base

Question 4

Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers. Which feature distinguishes cellulose from starch?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose has unbranched chains with beta linkages, while starch has branched chains with alpha linkages

Question 5

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 6

A mutation changes the DNA sequence coding for a protein, resulting in a different amino acid sequence. Which level(s) of protein structure could be affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, and tertiary structures

Question 7

Which macromolecule class is primarily responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct example of a condensation (dehydration synthesis) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 9

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 10

Which of the following statements about triglycerides is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule

Question 11

Which macromolecule is most directly involved in the storage and transmission of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 12

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why lipids are insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are composed mainly of nonpolar hydrocarbon chains

Question 14

Which type of bond is formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 15

A protein is denatured when exposed to high heat. Which level(s) of protein structure are most likely to be disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11} + H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 19

Which of the following statements about glycogen is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a storage polysaccharide found in animals

Biological Molecules: Structure, Function, and Types

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