Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 2

According to the cell theory, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are made of one or more cells.

Question 3

A population of beetles is exposed to a new pesticide. Over several generations, most beetles in the population become resistant to the pesticide. Which biological process best explains this change?

Accepted Answer

Evolution by natural selection

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a property of life as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 5

A mutation occurs in the DNA of a single cell in a plant. Which of the following outcomes is most likely if this mutation increases the plant's fitness?

Accepted Answer

The mutation may become more common in the population over generations.

Question 6

Which of the following best defines an adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A heritable characteristic or behavior that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment.

Question 7

Which statement about scientific theories is accurate according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

A scientific theory is supported by a wide body of evidence and explains a general class of phenomena.

Question 8

In the context of the chromosome theory of inheritance, what is the role of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA encodes genetic information that is passed from cell to cell and from parent to offspring.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why mutations are important for evolution?

Accepted Answer

Mutations create heritable variation in traits, which is necessary for natural selection to act upon.

Question 10

A scientist compares the DNA sequences of three organisms: a plant, a green alga, and a brown alga. The plant and green alga share more DNA sequence similarity with each other than with the brown alga. What does this suggest about their evolutionary relationships?

Accepted Answer

The plant and green alga share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with the brown alga.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of how the theory of evolution by natural selection operates at the population level rather than the individual level?

Accepted Answer

Over time, the average beak size in a population of finches changes due to differential survival and reproduction.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes, chromosomes, and DNA?

Accepted Answer

Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of scientific naming according to the rules of taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

$$Homo\ sapiens$$

Question 14

Why do all living organisms require energy, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

To drive chemical reactions and to obtain molecules needed to build cellular components.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about phylogenetic trees is correct?

Accepted Answer

Branches that share a recent common ancestor represent species that are closely related.

Question 16

A new species of bacteria is discovered. Which property would NOT be used to determine if it is alive according to the properties of life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to move rapidly across surfaces

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the cell theory and the theory of evolution are considered unifying theories in biology?

Accepted Answer

They explain fundamental characteristics shared by all living things and are supported by extensive evidence.

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of 'descent with modification'?

Accepted Answer

A population of moths becomes darker over generations due to increased pollution.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of the accurate copying of DNA during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Offspring inherit traits from their parents.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between a scientific theory and the everyday use of the word 'theory'?

Accepted Answer

A scientific theory is a well-supported explanation, while the everyday use often refers to a guess or speculation.

Biology: Study of Life – Chapter 1 Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard