Q: What is the correct sequence of the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms according to modern biology?

Accepted Answer

They are capable of photosynthesis

Question 2

Which scientist's experiment provided strong evidence against the theory of spontaneous generation by showing that cells only arise from preexisting cells?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 3

The cell theory states that:

Accepted Answer

All cells come from preexisting cells

Question 4

Which molecule is the hereditary material in cells, storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 5

What is the correct sequence of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) containing genes

Question 7

A scientist discovers a new organism that is made of cells, can reproduce, and requires energy. However, it does not possess DNA. According to the five fundamental characteristics of life, is this organism considered alive?

Accepted Answer

No, because possessing genetic information (DNA or RNA) is essential

Question 8

Which of the following statements about evolution is TRUE according to Darwin and Wallace?

Accepted Answer

Species are related by common ancestry

Question 9

A population of beetles shows variation in shell color. Over time, birds preferentially eat the lighter-colored beetles, and the population becomes mostly dark-colored. Which process does this scenario illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct result of the process of cell division in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Cells replicate to produce new cells

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct definition of a scientific theory in biology?

Accepted Answer

A well-substantiated explanation for some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a unifying idea in all of science as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

The theory of relativity

Question 13

A mutation occurs in a gene that changes the sequence of DNA. Which of the following is a possible consequence according to the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

The protein produced may have a different shape and function

Question 14

Which molecule is used by cells as a primary energy currency?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered alive by most biologists?

Accepted Answer

They do not require energy or cells to replicate

Question 16

Which scientist is credited with devising a crude microscope and discovering cells in cork?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hooke

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the chromosome theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes

Question 18

A population of finches on an island experiences a drought, and only those with larger beaks survive to reproduce. Over generations, the average beak size increases. Which concept does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct application of the cell theory in modern medicine?

Accepted Answer

Developing antibiotics that target bacterial cell walls

Question 20

Which of the following statements about scientific laws and theories is correct?

Accepted Answer

A theory is supported by lots of evidence and explains why, while a law describes what happens under certain conditions

Biology: The Study of Life – Key Concepts and Foundations

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