Question 1

Which of the following best describes the four principal classes of biomolecules found in all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids

Question 2

Which property of carbon makes it especially suitable as the backbone of biomolecules?

Accepted Answer

It can form four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 3

A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides undergo which type of reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 4

Which of the following is the empirical formula for most carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the structure of glycoproteins on cell surfaces. Which cellular process is most likely to be directly impacted?

Accepted Answer

Cell-cell recognition and signaling

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

The presence of double bonds creates kinks, preventing tight packing

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of steroid hormones and detoxification of drugs in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Question 9

A scientist isolates a biomolecule with the following characteristics: insoluble in water, contains long hydrocarbon chains, and is used for energy storage. Which class of biomolecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the primary energy currency for metabolic transactions

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a disaccharide and its monosaccharide components?

Accepted Answer

Lactose: glucose + galactose

Question 12

A mutation causes a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans, while starch can?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic bonds in cellulose

Question 14

Which of the following statements about nucleotides is correct?

Accepted Answer

They consist of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 15

During a fever, certain lipid-derived molecules are released that increase body temperature and cause inflammation. Which class of molecules is responsible for this effect?

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandins

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Sorting, tagging, packaging, and distribution of proteins

Question 17

A researcher is studying a molecule that is a polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Which biomolecule is being studied?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 19

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the movement of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a double-membrane organelle containing its own DNA and ribosomes. Which organelle is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Biomolecules and the Chemical Basis of Life

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