Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general formula for a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_n\mathrm{H}_{2n}\mathrm{O}_n$$

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 3

Monosaccharides can differ in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The number of phosphate groups attached

Question 4

Which type of glycosidic linkage is most readily hydrolyzed by enzymes in the human digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha-1$$,4-glycosidic linkage

Question 5

Which polysaccharide is a major component of plant cell walls and is composed of $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 6

A scientist discovers a polysaccharide that is highly branched and serves as a major energy storage molecule in animal cells. Which polysaccharide has she most likely found?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 7

During the formation of a glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides, which type of reaction occurs?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration (condensation) reaction

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack enzymes that hydrolyze $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages

Question 9

Which of the following statements about monosaccharides is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They can exist as both linear chains and ring structures in aqueous solution

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of carbohydrates in cell identity?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates attached to cell surfaces act as identification tags for cell-cell recognition

Question 11

A patient is lactose intolerant. Which enzyme is most likely deficient in this individual, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Lactase; inability to hydrolyze lactose into glucose and galactose

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why carbohydrates are considered high-energy molecules?

Accepted Answer

The electrons in C-H and C-C bonds are shared equally, resulting in high potential energy

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct match between a polysaccharide and its biological function?

Accepted Answer

Chitin – structural support in fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch contains $$\alpha-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages, while cellulose contains $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages

Question 15

A researcher is studying a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose. Which disaccharide is she most likely investigating?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why polysaccharides became important after the evolution of cellular life?

Accepted Answer

They play key roles in energy storage, structural support, and cell identity

Question 17

Which of the following statements about glycosidic linkages is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They connect monosaccharide monomers via covalent bonds

Question 18

During photosynthesis, plants convert energy in sunlight into chemical energy stored in the bonds of which type of molecule?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process by which ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 20

A mutation causes a plant to produce a polysaccharide with only $$\alpha-1$$,6-glycosidic linkages. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The polysaccharide would be highly branched and may not form proper storage granules

Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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