Question 1

Which of the following cells is primarily responsible for secreting the cartilage matrix during cartilage development?

Accepted Answer

Chondroblasts

Question 2

Which type of collagen is the main structural protein found in the matrix of hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Type II collagen

Question 3

What is the primary mechanism by which cartilage receives nutrients and removes wastes?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion through the matrix

Question 4

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis, and is characterized by the presence of thick bundles of collagen fibers?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 5

Which connective tissue structure surrounds most types of cartilage and is essential for appositional growth?

Accepted Answer

Perichondrium

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a location where elastic cartilage is typically found?

Accepted Answer

Intervertebral disc

Question 7

What is the difference between a proteoglycan and a proteoglycan aggregate in hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

A proteoglycan is a single protein core with glycosaminoglycan chains, while a proteoglycan aggregate consists of multiple proteoglycans attached to a hyaluronan backbone.

Question 8

Which process describes the growth of cartilage from the inside, where chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix within existing cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth

Question 9

Articular cartilage, found at the ends of long bones, lacks which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

Perichondrium

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cartilage is slow to heal after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients and repair cells must diffuse through the matrix.

Question 11

Which cell type is found in lacunae and is responsible for maintaining the cartilage matrix?

Accepted Answer

Chondrocytes

Question 12

During endochondral ossification, what happens to the cartilage in the region in contact with bone?

Accepted Answer

It becomes calcified and is replaced by bone tissue.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the territorial matrix in hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It is the area immediately surrounding each chondrocyte, rich in proteoglycans and less densely packed with collagen fibers.

Question 14

Which of the following formulas correctly represents the relationship for diffusion rate ($$J) of $$nutrients through cartilage matrix, given Fick's first law: $$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$, where $$D is $$the diffusion coefficient, $$C is $$concentration, and $$x is $$distance?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 15

A patient presents with a cartilage tumor in the epiphyseal region of a long bone. Which cell type is most likely to be involved in the origin of this tumor?

Accepted Answer

Chondrocytes

Question 16

Which of the following properties is unique to elastic cartilage compared to hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Presence of abundant elastic fibers

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of proteoglycans in hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

They attract water, contributing to cartilage resilience and compressive strength.

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates appositional growth in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

New layers of cartilage are added to the surface by cells in the perichondrium.

Question 19

Which of the following is a common misconception about articular cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It is covered by perichondrium.

Question 20

A researcher is studying the mechanical properties of cartilage. Which matrix component should they focus on to understand the tissue's resistance to compression?

Accepted Answer

Proteoglycan aggregates

Cartilage: Structure, Types, and Function in Connective Tissue

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