Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic chromosomes are circular and found in one copy, while eukaryotic chromosomes are linear and found in multiple copies.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, resulting in duplicated chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

If a human cell (2n=46) is in G2 phase, how many DNA molecules are present in the cell?

Accepted Answer

$$92$$

Question 4

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that DNA has been properly duplicated before the cell enters mitosis?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

Question 5

What is the main function of somatic cells in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To carry out body functions such as growth and repair

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between chromatin and chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and structural proteins, while chromosome is condensed chromatin visible under a light microscope.

Question 7

During mitosis, which stage is characterized by chromosomes lining up at the equator of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 8

A cell is observed to have condensed chromosomes, a mitotic spindle forming, and the nuclear envelope breaking down. Which stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the division of cytoplasm resulting in two identical daughter cells after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 10

In animal cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by:

Accepted Answer

Formation of a contractile ring that pinches the cell in two

Question 11

Which of the following statements about cancer cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells do not exhibit anchorage dependence or contact inhibition.

Question 12

A tumor that invades surrounding tissues and can travel through the blood is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Malignant

Question 13

Which protein signal is released by certain cells to stimulate other cells to divide?

Accepted Answer

Growth factor

Question 14

If a cell fails the M checkpoint, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will delay anaphase until all kinetochores are attached to spindle fibers.

Question 15

Which equation correctly represents the number of DNA molecules after S phase in a diploid human cell ($$2n=46$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	imes 46 = 92$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell cycle checkpoints?

Accepted Answer

To allow uncontrolled cell division

Question 17

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by intense metabolic activities and cell growth?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase

Question 18

What is the role of microtubules during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They shorten and pull apart sister chromatids to opposite poles.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of transformation in cancer biology?

Accepted Answer

The process by which a normal body cell is converted to a cancerous cell

Question 20

After mitosis, how does the DNA content of each daughter cell compare to the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Each daughter cell has the same amount of DNA as the parent cell.

Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Structure, Regulation, and Cancer

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard