Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes are chromosomes inherited from each parent, while sister chromatids are identical copies formed during DNA replication.

Question 2

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its biological significance?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over occurs during prophase I and increases genetic variation among gametes.

Question 3

If a diploid cell with $$2N = 8$$ undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 4

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.

Question 5

A cell in G2 phase has $$12$$ chromosomes. After mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 6

Which process is responsible for the independent assortment of genes during gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

Random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA during S phase

Question 8

A human cell with $$N = 23$$ chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromatids are present in the cell at metaphase II?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 9

Which statement best explains why meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, preventing chromosome doubling in offspring.

Question 10

During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 11

If a mutation occurs during crossing over in meiosis I, which of the following is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes may carry new combinations of alleles, potentially leading to genetic disorders.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Accepted Answer

Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, while haploid cells have one set.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 → S → G2 → M

Question 14

A cell with $$2N = 10$$ chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$10$$

Question 15

Which structure is responsible for moving chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Spindle apparatus

Question 16

Which of the following events distinguishes meiosis I from meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Separation of homologous chromosomes

Question 17

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II, what is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes will have an abnormal number of chromosomes, leading to genetic disorders.

Question 18

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of fertilization in humans?

Accepted Answer

Restoration of the diploid chromosome number

Question 20

A cell with $$N = 6$$ chromosomes undergoes meiosis. After meiosis II, how many chromosomes will be found in each of the four daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$

Cell Division and Meiosis: Key Concepts and Processes

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