Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of genetic recombination?

Accepted Answer

Genetic recombination occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis.

Question 2

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. After meiosis II, how many chromosomes and DNA molecules will each daughter cell contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$ chromosomes and $$23$$ DNA molecules

Question 3

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over between homologous chromosomes occur, and what is the significance of this process?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic variation among gametes.

Question 4

If a diploid cell (2n = 6) undergoes meiosis, how many possible combinations of chromosomes can result from independent assortment? Use the formula $$2^n$$, where $$n is $$the haploid number.

Accepted Answer

$$2^3 = 8$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why offspring produced by sexual reproduction are genetically unique?

Accepted Answer

Because meiosis and fertilization introduce genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment.

Question 6

In humans, what is the ploidy of gametes and how are they produced?

Accepted Answer

Haploid; produced via meiosis

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the zygote in humans is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is diploid and produced by fertilization.

Question 8

During Anaphase I of meiosis, what separates and moves to opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding DNA replication in meiosis?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication occurs only before Meiosis I, not before Meiosis II.

Question 10

A karyotype is useful for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

Displaying the number and appearance of chromosomes in a cell.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs during meiosis I, contributing to genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment

Question 12

If a human cell has 6 picograms (pg) of DNA at the end of interphase, how much DNA will each daughter cell have after meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

$$3 pg$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the chromosome number in somatic cells and gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells have 46 chromosomes; gametes have 23 chromosomes.

Question 14

Which of the following events does NOT contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication during interphase

Question 15

What is the shorthand notation for a diploid human cell?

Accepted Answer

$$2n$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the genetic composition of daughter cells produced by mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Genetically identical to the parent cell

Question 17

In a multicellular organism, what does the term 'genome' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The complete set of genes in an organism

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the chromosome and DNA content during meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

The number of chromosomes does not change, and the amount of DNA per chromosome does not change.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of synapsis during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Pairing of homologous chromosomes

Question 20

Which stage of meiosis is responsible for reducing the chromosome number from diploid to haploid?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I

Cell Division, Chromosomes, and Genetic Variation: Study Notes for General Biology

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