Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis increases genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment.

Question 2

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is the result?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over occurs during Prophase I, resulting in recombinant chromatids.

Question 3

If a human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each gamete have after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

23

Question 4

Which formula correctly calculates the number of possible chromosome combinations due to independent assortment in a diploid organism?

Accepted Answer

$$2^n$$ where $$n is $$the number of chromosome pairs

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding DNA replication in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication occurs before both mitosis and meiosis I.

Question 6

A karyotype is used to:

Accepted Answer

Display all chromosomes from a somatic cell arranged in pairs.

Question 7

Which statement about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 8

What is the ploidy of human somatic cells and gametes, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Diploid (2n) for somatic cells, haploid (n) for gametes

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the production of gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 10

During Anaphase I of meiosis, what separates?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction leads to greater genetic diversity than asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction combines genes from two parents and includes crossing over and independent assortment.

Question 12

If a diploid cell has 6 picograms (pg) of DNA at the end of interphase, how much DNA will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ \mathrm{pg}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a contribution to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA during interphase

Question 14

What is the only diploid stage in the sexual life cycle of most animals?

Accepted Answer

Zygote

Question 15

Which of the following statements about meiosis II is correct?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate during meiosis II.

Question 16

If a human cell undergoes meiosis, how many non-identical gametes can be produced due to independent assortment alone? Use $$n=23$$ for humans.

Accepted Answer

$$2^{23}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the chromosome number and DNA amount per chromosome during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Neither chromosome number nor DNA amount per chromosome change during meiosis.

Question 18

Which stage of meiosis is responsible for the separation of sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase II

Question 19

What is the genetic composition of daughter cells produced by mitosis compared to the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Genetically identical

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of errors during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Genetic disorders such as Down syndrome due to nondisjunction

Cell Division, Chromosomes, and Genetic Variation: Study Notes for General Biology

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