Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between binary fission and mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission is a simpler process found in prokaryotes, while mitosis is a complex process found in eukaryotes involving multiple phases.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A cell with a diploid number of 8 undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each gamete contain after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 4

Which of the following events during meiosis increases genetic variation among offspring?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during prophase I

Question 5

Which structure is responsible for separating sister chromatids during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Spindle apparatus

Question 6

If a mutation occurs in a gene located on a chromosome, which term best describes the specific position of that gene?

Accepted Answer

Locus

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the process with its outcome?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis: Produces two genetically identical diploid cells

Question 8

A human zygote is formed by the fusion of two gametes. If each gamete contains $$n$$ chromosomes, what is the chromosome number of the zygote?

Accepted Answer

$$2n$$

Question 9

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

In sexual reproduction, which process ensures that offspring inherit a unique combination of genes from both parents?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why meiosis reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis consists of one round of DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA during S phase

Question 13

A cell in G2 phase has 12 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the centromere during cell division?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where spindle fibers attach to separate chromatids.

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the formation of the cleavage furrow in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 16

If a cell starts with $$2n = 10$$ chromosomes and undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will be present in each gamete?

Accepted Answer

$$5$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 → S → G2 → M

Question 18

Which term describes chromosomes that are matched in homologous pairs?

Accepted Answer

Homologous

Question 19

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why random fertilization increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

It allows any sperm to fertilize any egg, combining different genetic material from two parents.

Cell Division, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction: Study Notes

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