Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To enable growth, development, and tissue repair by producing genetically identical cells

Question 2

During bacterial cell division by binary fission, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

DNA replicates, DNA moves to opposite ends, septation occurs, cell splits

Question 3

Which protein family is directly involved in chromosome condensation during mitosis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Condensin

Question 4

A cell with 2n = 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 5

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle fibers before proceeding to anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Spindle checkpoint (M checkpoint)

Question 6

What is the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in the regulation of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They phosphorylate target proteins only when bound to cyclins

Question 7

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles

Question 8

If a mutation disables a tumor suppressor gene responsible for DNA damage repair, what is the most likely cellular outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell may continue to divide with damaged DNA, increasing cancer risk

Question 9

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 10

During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 11

A scientist observes a cell with condensed chromosomes aligned at the cell's midplane. Which mitotic phase is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cancer can result from mutations in proto-oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

Proto-oncogenes promote cell division, and mutations can make them hyperactive (oncogenes)

Question 13

Which structure connects two sister chromatids together?

Accepted Answer

Centromere

Question 14

In eukaryotic cells, what is the difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin?

Accepted Answer

Heterochromatin is tightly packed and generally inactive, euchromatin is loosely packed and active

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a contractile ring forming at its equator, leading to the separation of two daughter cells. What process is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number in human gametes after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 23$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP

Question 18

If a cell fails the G2 checkpoint due to incomplete DNA replication, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be halted to allow DNA repair or completion of replication

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of kinetochores during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They attach spindle microtubules to chromosomes

Question 20

A patient’s cells are found to have mutations in both alleles of a tumor suppressor gene. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Cells may divide uncontrollably, increasing cancer risk

Cell Division: Mitosis, Meiosis, and Chromosome Structure

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard