$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \text{phosphate} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of the cell membrane according to the fluid mosaic model?

Accepted Answer

A bilayer of phospholipids with proteins embedded and scattered throughout, allowing selective permeability

Question 2

Which process moves water across a cell membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 3

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will most likely:

Accepted Answer

Swell and possibly burst due to water entering the cell

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of passive transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of oxygen from high to low concentration

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + 	ext{phosphate} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 6

Which statement best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy, allowing reactions to occur more rapidly

Question 7

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the movement of water across its membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water will move equally in both directions, with no net change in cell volume

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 9

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

A cell uses endocytosis to take in large particles. Which statement best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs particles by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as a temporary storage of energy, coupling exergonic and endergonic reactions

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Transport of glucose into a cell via a carrier protein

Question 13

Which law of thermodynamics explains why cells cannot use all the energy from food for work?

Accepted Answer

Second law: Energy conversions increase entropy and some energy is lost as heat

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely inhibit an enzyme's activity?

Accepted Answer

Adding a noncompetitive inhibitor

Question 15

During which type of chemical reaction is energy released and the products have less energy than the reactants?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reaction

Question 16

A plant cell wilts when placed in a solution. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypertonic and water leaves the cell

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of glycoproteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They act as recognition sites for cell-cell communication

Question 18

Which equation represents the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ADP} + 	ext{phosphate} + 	ext{energy} ightarrow \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of active transport in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump maintaining ion gradients in nerve cells

Question 20

A competitive inhibitor affects enzyme activity by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and blocking substrate access

Cell Membrane Structure, Function, and Energy Flow in Cells

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