Q: Which equation correctly represents cellular respiration?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ \rightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + \text{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why oxygen ($$O_2) $$can diffuse directly through the cell membrane, while glucose cannot?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is a small, nonpolar molecule, whereas glucose is large and polar.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell until it bursts. Which type of solution is the cell in, and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution; water moves into the cell.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ ightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 4

During a marathon, a runner’s muscle cells require more ATP. Which systems work together to meet this demand, and how?

Accepted Answer

The respiratory and circulatory systems deliver more oxygen to cells for increased cellular respiration.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins.

Question 6

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink due to osmosis.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about the surface area-to-volume ratio ($$SA:V) in $$cells?

Accepted Answer

As cell size increases, the $$SA:V$$ ratio decreases, making exchange of materials less efficient.

Question 8

Which feedback mechanism is responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels after a meal, and how does it work?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback; insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake and storage.

Question 9

Which of the following scenarios is an example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth, amplifying uterine contractions.

Question 10

A patient with Type 1 diabetes is unable to produce insulin. What is the most likely effect on their blood glucose levels after eating a meal?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels will remain high because cells cannot absorb glucose efficiently.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

It detects changes in body temperature and initiates responses like sweating or shivering to maintain homeostasis.

Question 12

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move substances across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 13

If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

There will be no net movement of water, and the cell will remain stable.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why small cells are more efficient at exchanging materials with their environment than large cells?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing faster diffusion.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 16

During intense exercise, why does the rate of cellular respiration increase in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

To produce more ATP needed for muscle contraction.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water moves across a selectively permeable membrane toward the side with higher solute concentration.

Question 18

Which hormone is released when blood glucose levels are low, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; it raises blood glucose by promoting release from storage.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes dynamic equilibrium in the context of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Concentrations are equal on both sides, but particles continue to move randomly.

Question 20

Which adaptation might a large cell use to overcome the limitations of a low surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

Developing internal folds or projections to increase surface area.

Cell Membrane Transport, Cellular Respiration, and Homeostasis

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