Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the inner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded into cristae?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for electron transport chains and ATP synthesis

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome, and why?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst due to osmosis

Question 3

Which of the following statements about passive and active transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy input (ATP) and moves substances against their concentration gradient

Question 4

A mutation causes a membrane protein to lose its ability to bind ATP. Which transport process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane at high temperatures?

Accepted Answer

It prevents excessive fluidity by stabilizing the membrane

Question 6

Which of the following molecules would most easily diffuse across a biological membrane without the aid of a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 7

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the expected movement of water and the resulting effect on the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between competitive and non-competitive (allosteric) enzyme inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind the active site, while non-competitive inhibitors bind a different site and change enzyme shape

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the Gibbs free energy change for a reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta G = G_{final} - G_{initial} $$

Question 10

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the electron transport chain produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It establishes a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen breakdown (catabolism)

Question 13

A scientist adds an enzyme to a reaction with $$\Delta G = -5. $$What is the effect on the reaction's free energy and rate?

Accepted Answer

The reaction rate increases, but $$\Delta G$$ remains $$-5$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an early enzyme to prevent overproduction

Question 15

Which of the following statements about redox reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why water requires aquaporins to efficiently cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water is small but polar, so it crosses slowly without channel proteins

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Citric Acid Cycle → Electron Transport Chain

Question 18

A patient is exposed to a toxin that blocks the function of ATP synthase. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during oxidative phosphorylation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the direction of water movement by osmosis?

Accepted Answer

From areas of low solute concentration to areas of high solute concentration

Question 20

Which of the following is a property of peripheral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

They are associated with only one side of the membrane

Cell Membranes, Transport, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration: General Biology Study Notes

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