Question 1

Which of the following is a feature unique to eukaryotic cells and not found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

A scientist discovers a single-celled organism with a circular chromosome, no nucleus, and a cell wall. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and ships proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are made of protein and RNA and are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Question 5

A mutation causes a eukaryotic cell to lack lysosomes. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of macromolecules and cellular debris

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge near the hydrogen atoms

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of actin microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments

Question 8

A molecule with the formula $$\mathrm{C$$_{16}$$H_{32}O_2$} is $$found to be nonpolar and does not dissolve in water. Which term best describes this molecule?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

They result from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a nucleus, mitochondria, and a cytoskeleton. Which of the following can be concluded about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a eukaryotic cell

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Produces lipids and breaks down toxins

Question 13

Which of the following is a similarity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Both contain ribosomes

Question 14

A molecule has a difference in electronegativity between its atoms of $$\Delta EN = 2.1. $$What type of bond is most likely formed between these atoms?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl}) $$dissolves easily in water?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and stabilizes the separated Na$$^+$$ and Cl$$^-$$ ions through ion-dipole interactions

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 17

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

They occur between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom and another electronegative atom

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a single circular chromosome, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall. Which of the following is most likely true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a prokaryotic cell

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic molecules are polar or charged and dissolve in water, while hydrophobic molecules are nonpolar and do not dissolve in water

Question 20

Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Cell Structure and Domains of Life: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

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