Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally microscopic in size?

Accepted Answer

Because smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which domain does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Domain Eukarya

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are destined for secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A drug inhibits the transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Which cellular processes would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Formation of lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane proteins

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying drugs and poisons in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

According to the endosymbiont theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have their own circular DNA and ribosomes.

Question 8

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease has a defect in which cellular organelle, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome; accumulation of undigested lipids in the brain

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal element is most directly involved in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin)

Question 10

If a chemotherapy drug disrupts chromatid movement during cell division, which cellular structure is most likely being inhibited?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 11

Which formula correctly calculates the surface area of a cube with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$6l^2$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and ships proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Regulating cell behavior and influencing gene activity

Question 14

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 16

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of RNA and protein and are the site of polypeptide synthesis.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the movement of vesicles and organelles within a cell?

Accepted Answer

They are transported along microtubules by motor proteins using ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct order of structures that a secretory protein passes through from synthesis to secretion?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of alcohol

Question 20

Which cytoskeletal element is most important for maintaining the shape of a cell and resisting compression?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Cell Structure and Function: An Overview

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