Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally microscopic in size?

Accepted Answer

Because smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell with the following features: a nucleoid region, a cell wall, and ribosomes, but no membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of secretory proteins that are destined for export from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A drug inhibits the transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Which cellular structures would be directly affected by this disruption?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

According to the endosymbiont theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have their own circular DNA and ribosomes.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in liver cells exposed to high levels of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

It detoxifies alcohol by adding hydroxyl groups, making the compounds more soluble.

Question 8

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease has a defect in which cellular organelle, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome; accumulation of undigested lipids in the brain

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of the surface area of a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$6l^2$$

Question 10

Which cytoskeletal element is most directly involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 12

Which of the following structures is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and are responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of microfilaments in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

They interact with myosin to produce muscle contraction.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Regulating cell behavior and influencing gene activity

Question 16

A mutation disrupts the dynein motor proteins in a cell. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of structures that a secretory protein passes through from synthesis to secretion?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of two phospholipid bilayers and contains nuclear pores for transport.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

They break down fatty acids and detoxify alcohol.

Question 20

A cell is observed under an electron microscope and is found to contain thylakoids, stroma, and chlorophyll. What process is this cell most likely capable of performing?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Cell Structure and Function: An Overview

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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