Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with the following characteristics: a nucleoid region, plasmids, a cell wall, and flagella. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are complexes of rRNA and proteins that synthesize proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

A mutation prevents the formation of the nuclear envelope in a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

The compartmentalization of genetic material

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells have compartmentalized organelles?

Accepted Answer

To provide localized environments for specific metabolic processes and sequester incompatible reactions

Question 7

Which structure is responsible for modifying, sorting, and shipping proteins to their final destinations in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a large number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and recycling of cellular material

Question 10

A researcher is studying a cell that contains thylakoids and grana. What process is most likely occurring in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus – modification and sorting of proteins

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a dense region where ribosomal RNA is synthesized and ribosome assembly begins. What is this region called?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have DNA in a nucleoid region.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the pathway of a secretory protein in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Vesicle → Plasma membrane

Question 16

A cell is exposed to a toxin that disrupts the cytoskeleton. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of organelles within the cell

Question 17

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Both contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 18

If a eukaryotic cell lacked functional lysosomes, which of the following would most likely accumulate in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Undigested macromolecules

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded into cristae?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for ATP-producing reactions

Question 20

A mutation causes a eukaryotic cell to lack vesicles. Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transport of proteins between organelles

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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