Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the Cell Theory as presented in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are made of cells, and cells are the simplest collection of matter that can live.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of a nucleoid region, a plasma membrane, and ribosomes, but no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids, metabolizing carbohydrates, detoxifying poisons, and storing calcium ions?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

The surface area to volume ratio is critical for cell function. If a cell is shaped as a cube with side length $$l$$, what is the formula for its surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{6l^2$}{l^3$}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can grow larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize functions, increasing efficiency.

Question 7

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 9

Which of the following organelles is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which of the following is evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and have double membranes.

Question 11

Which type of microscopy would be best for visualizing the detailed internal structure of a cell at very high resolution?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Question 12

Which of the following junctions allows for direct cytoplasmic communication between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 13

A cell is observed to have contractile vacuoles that pump excess water out. This cell is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A freshwater protist

Question 14

Which organelle is primarily responsible for digesting and recycling old organelles and macromolecules within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 15

Which cytoskeletal element is composed of actin and is involved in cell movement and shape?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of glycoproteins

Question 17

If a scientist wants to observe the cytoskeleton in living cells with high specificity, which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Confocal microscopy with fluorescent labeling

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, allowing passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant roots

Question 20

A researcher needs to visualize the 3D surface of a pollen grain at high resolution. Which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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