Question 1

Which of the following best explains why electron microscopes have a higher resolving power than light microscopes?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopes use shorter wavelengths than visible light, allowing them to distinguish smaller structures.

Question 2

A scientist is comparing a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. Which structure would be found in both types of cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins that are secreted or inserted into membranes

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of nuclear pores in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 6

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches a cytoskeletal element with its function?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules: movement of chromosomes during cell division

Question 8

A researcher observes that a certain protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported into the nucleus. Which structure must this protein pass through to enter the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear pore complex

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not burst when placed in hypotonic solutions, while animal cells do?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that prevents excessive expansion.

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the function of lysosomes. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested macromolecules within cells

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio ($$SA:V) $$for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA:V = \frac{4\pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in animal tissues?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the passage of molecules between adjacent cells.

Question 13

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs

Question 14

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is supported by the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 15

During protein synthesis, which sequence of organelles is involved in the production and secretion of a glycoprotein?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ plasma membrane

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow direct cytoplasmic exchange between adjacent plant cells.

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a high number of peroxisomes. Which metabolic process is this cell most likely performing at a high rate?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic chromosomes are typically circular, while eukaryotic chromosomes are linear.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

A high surface area to volume ratio allows efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 20

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional desmosomes. Which tissue property would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical strength and resistance to stretching

Cell Structure and Function: Study Guide for General Biology

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