Question 1

Which statement best describes the Cell Theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

Why are cells generally so small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a structure found in all cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 4

A scientist is comparing a bacterial cell and a plant cell. Which feature is present in both?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes and transports proteins and lipids throughout the cell.

Question 7

Which statement correctly compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of surface area-to-volume ratio for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{4 \pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 10

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 11

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins embedded in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 13

Which statement best describes the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis brings substances into the cell, while exocytosis moves substances out.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of organelles involved in the production and secretion of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus → Endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Question 15

Which type of cell junction is primarily responsible for preventing leakage of extracellular fluid between cells in animal tissues?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 16

Which equation represents the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs large particles or other cells by forming a vesicle around them.

Question 18

Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 19

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are involved in cellular respiration, while chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the difference between passive and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Cell Structure and Function: Study Guide for General Biology

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