Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by their surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As cells grow larger, their volume increases faster than their surface area, making it difficult to transport materials in and out efficiently.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are either secreted from the cell or embedded in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

A scientist isolates a cell and observes the following: a cell wall, ribosomes, and no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 4

Which of the following organelles is surrounded by more than one membrane?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 6

A mutation causes the Golgi apparatus to malfunction in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins for secretion

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and recycling of cellular waste

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the process of cellular respiration in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable barrier composed mainly of phospholipids and proteins.

Question 10

Which organelle contains its own DNA and is thought to have originated from an ancient symbiotic relationship?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary function of microtubules in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Structural support and intracellular transport

Question 13

Which protein is the main component of microfilaments?

Accepted Answer

Actin

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of autophagy?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs and digests its own damaged organelles using lysosomes.

Question 15

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are circular and located in the nucleoid region.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the peroxisome?

Accepted Answer

Lipid breakdown and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the secretory pathway in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes and exports proteins through the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of proteins destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → secretory vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of intermediate filaments?

Accepted Answer

They provide mechanical strength and maintain cell shape.

Cell Structure and Function: Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard