Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size?

Accepted Answer

As a cell increases in size, its volume increases faster than its surface area, making it difficult to exchange materials efficiently.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a circular chromosome, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall containing peptidoglycan. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 4

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water, and the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell wall (plasmolysis).

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of water potential ($$\Psi) in $$plant cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It sorts, modifies, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 7

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional peroxisomes. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both phospholipids and proteins can move laterally within the layer, contributing to membrane fluidity.

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world example of active transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump maintaining ion gradients in neurons

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall made of cellulose. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 12

Which of the following would most likely increase the rate of diffusion of a solute across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the concentration gradient of the solute

Question 13

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will gain water and may burst (lyse).

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity across temperature changes.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating movement of organelles

Question 16

A cell with a high surface area to volume ratio is likely to:

Accepted Answer

Exchange materials with its environment more efficiently.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a membrane protein, without energy input

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct calculation for the surface area of a sphere with radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4\pi r^2$

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic cell with mitochondria and chloroplasts performing specialized functions in separate organelles

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not burst when placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall provides structural support and prevents excessive expansion.

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for General Biology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard