Question 1

Which of the following statements best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new unicellular organism with DNA in an unbound region, no membrane-bound organelles, and a plasma membrane. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following organelles is directly involved in the synthesis of proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A mutation causes a cell to be unable to package and sort proteins for secretion. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They digest macromolecules and recycle cellular components.

Question 6

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which structure prevents the cell from bursting due to excessive water uptake?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Organizing cell structures and anchoring organelles

Question 8

A muscle cell requires rapid and repeated contractions. Which organelle would you expect to be especially abundant in this cell type?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 9

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are complexes of ribosomal RNA and protein that synthesize polypeptides.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to have evolved from prokaryotic ancestors?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and are similar in size to bacteria.

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 12

Which macromolecule is the primary component of the plant cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose (a carbohydrate)

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 14

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a selective barrier that regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 16

A genetic disorder causes a defect in the nuclear envelope, making it unable to properly regulate the passage of molecules. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 17

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus – modification and sorting of proteins

Question 18

A cell is observed to have extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and many Golgi apparatuses. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of proteins

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the process occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall composed of cellulose

Cell Structure and Organization: General Biology Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard