Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Which domain includes organisms with prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

What is the primary function of antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

To kill or disable infectious bacteria by targeting bacterial cell structures.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why most antibiotics do not harm human cells?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics are designed to bind only to structures unique to bacterial cells.

Question 5

According to cell theory, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of cells and all cells come from earlier cells.

Question 6

Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 7

A scientist discovers a new organism with cells that have a cell wall made of cellulose fibers. Which type of organism is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It separates the living cell from its nonliving surroundings and regulates the movement of substances in and out.

Question 9

In the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane, what does 'fluid' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The ability of phospholipid molecules to move freely past one another.

Question 10

Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

The fatty acid tail

Question 11

A medical researcher is testing a new antibiotic on Staphylococcus aureus. Which of the following is the most important reason for using separate compartments in the experiment?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that nutrients do not mix and each compartment is isolated to test bacterial species separately.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It helps cells stick together and coordinate tissue function.

Question 13

Which microscopy technique would be best for viewing the internal structure of a cell?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy

Question 14

Flagella and cilia are both used for cell movement. Which statement correctly distinguishes their motion?

Accepted Answer

Flagella move in a whip-like motion, while cilia cover the surface and move in coordinated waves.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the arrangement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Plasma membrane} = 	ext{Phospholipid bilayer} + 	ext{Proteins}$$

Question 16

If a new antibiotic binds specifically to the bacterial ribosome, which type of cell would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic bacterial cells

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the evolutionary history of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells evolved approximately 3.5 billion years ago, before eukaryotic cells.

Question 18

A scientist observes a cell with DNA located in a single circular molecule and no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty in treating infections like MRSA and tuberculosis.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process by which antibiotics are tested for effectiveness against bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria are isolated in separate compartments, and the ability of antibiotics to kill them is measured.

Cell Structure, Classification, and Antibiotics: A General Biology Study Guide

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