$$6\ \text{O}_2 + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow 6\ \text{CO}_2 + 6\ \text{H}_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotic cells do not contain membrane-bound organelles?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack internal membranes, preventing compartmentalization of functions.

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the detailed internal structure of mitochondria. Which microscope should they use and why?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope, because it reveals internal ultrastructure at high resolution.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion.

Question 4

According to the Endosymbiont Theory, which evidence supports the evolutionary origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain circular DNA similar to prokaryotes.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the Fluid Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A flexible bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins that move laterally.

Question 6

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo plasmolysis as water leaves the cell, causing the plasma membrane to pull away from the cell wall.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the conservation of matter in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$6\ 	ext{O}_2 + C_6H_{12}O_6$ ightarrow 6\ 	ext{CO}_2 + 6\ 	ext{H}_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups, and releases energy when the terminal phosphate is removed.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They transport electrons to the electron transport chain, enabling ATP synthesis.

Question 10

During oxidative phosphorylation, what is the purpose of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Accepted Answer

To drive ATP synthesis by ATP synthase as protons flow back into the matrix.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, forming water.

Question 12

Which of the following best distinguishes lactic acid fermentation from alcohol fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells and some bacteria, while alcohol fermentation occurs in yeast and some plants.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct comparison between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy, while cellular respiration releases chemical energy from organic molecules.

Question 14

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

There will be no net movement of water, and the cell will remain unchanged.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Passive movement of molecules across a membrane via specific transport proteins.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of membrane glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating cell-cell recognition and signaling.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell releases large molecules by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following equations represents an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{H}_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains how enzymes lower activation energy?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes provide a specific active site that stabilizes the transition state.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the use of fats in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, which enter cellular respiration at different points.

Cell Structure, Membrane Function, and Cellular Energy: Exam 2 Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica