Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized into organelles?

Accepted Answer

Compartmentalization allows for incompatible chemical reactions to occur simultaneously in different regions of the cell.

Question 2

A cell has a surface area of $$150 \, 	ext{\mu m}^2$$ and a volume of $$50 \, 	ext{\mu m}^3. $$What is its surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They have a single membrane like other organelles.

Question 5

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents water potential in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Membrane proteins and lipids can move laterally within the layer, contributing to membrane fluidity.

Question 9

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

A scientist observes a cell with no nucleus, circular DNA, and no membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size?

Accepted Answer

As cells grow, their volume increases faster than their surface area, limiting efficient exchange of materials.

Question 12

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the breakdown of macromolecules and cellular debris?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid transport of water molecules across the membrane.

Question 14

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the movement of water?

Accepted Answer

Water will move in and out of the cell at equal rates.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and enabling movement of organelles

Question 16

Which type of cell junction allows for the direct passage of ions and small molecules between animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, using ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of cotransport in cells?

Accepted Answer

The uptake of glucose into intestinal cells along with sodium ions

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ECM provides structural support and helps transmit signals between the cell and its environment.

Question 20

A dialysis bag containing a 0.4 M sucrose solution is placed in a beaker with a 0.2 M sucrose solution. Predict the direction of water movement.

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the bag.

Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Endosymbiosis: AP Biology Unit 2 Study Guide

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