Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material enclosed within a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells have their DNA in the nucleoid region.

Question 2

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell follows which correct pathway?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ Secretory vesicle $$\rightarrow$$ Plasma membrane

Question 3

Which of the following best explains the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol increases membrane fluidity at high temperatures and decreases it at low temperatures.

Question 4

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which term best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) that distinguishes it from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs

Question 6

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the movement of chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 7

A mutation disrupts the function of the sodium-potassium pump in a neuron. Which of the following best describes the immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be unable to maintain its resting membrane potential.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and recycling of cellular components

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the endosymbiont theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of membrane carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

They function as recognition sites for cell-cell interactions.

Question 11

A cell uses a cotransporter to move glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient by coupling it with sodium ions moving down their gradient. What type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)?

Accepted Answer

They activate G-proteins, which then trigger downstream signaling pathways.

Question 13

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 15

Which of the following is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis includes crossing over between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic diversity.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of a ligand in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

A ligand is a molecule that binds to a specific receptor to initiate a cellular response.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 18

Which process describes the uptake of large solid particles by a cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 19

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding to anaphase?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint (spindle checkpoint)

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of kinetochores during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They attach chromosomes to spindle microtubules, allowing movement during cell division.

Cell Structure, Membranes, and Cell Division: Study Guide for General Biology

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