Question 1

A spherical cell has a radius that doubles as it grows. How does this affect its surface area to volume (SA:V) ratio, and what is a likely consequence for cellular diffusion?

Accepted Answer

The SA:V ratio decreases, making diffusion less efficient.

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They both contain their own circular DNA and double membranes.

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a rigid cell wall. Which type of cell is this, and what is the function of the large central vacuole?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell; maintains turgor pressure and stores water.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrivel (crenate) because water leaves the cell.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) for a sphere?

Accepted Answer

$$SA:V = \frac{4\pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane and prevents it from becoming too fluid or too rigid.

Question 8

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the expected outcome, and what term describes the cell's condition?

Accepted Answer

The cell becomes turgid as water enters, which is ideal for plant cells.

Question 9

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

A cell is observed to engulf large particles by wrapping its membrane around them and forming a vesicle. Which process is this, and what is a real-life example?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis (phagocytosis); a white blood cell engulfing bacteria

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids move laterally within the bilayer, making the membrane dynamic.

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, packaging, and shipping proteins and lipids in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional ribosomes. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via protein channels

Question 15

Which of the following is a function unique to plant cells and not found in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 16

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

There will be no net movement of water, so the cell remains unchanged.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why compartmentalization is beneficial for eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It separates incompatible reactions and allows for specialized environments.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the pathway of protein production (secretory pathway) in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus → Ribosome → Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Vesicle → Cell membrane

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated phospholipid tails in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated tails have kinks due to double bonds, making the membrane more fluid.

Question 20

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood cells. What is the most likely outcome for the patient's red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will burst (lyse) as water enters.

Cells and Cell Membrane Transport: Structure, Function, and Processes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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