Question 1

Which process is responsible for the division of prokaryotic cells, and what is its main outcome?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission; production of two identical daughter cells

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the result for the chromosome structure?

Accepted Answer

S phase; each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids

Question 3

A cell with 8 chromosomes in G$$_1$$ phase undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have in G$$_1$$ after division?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 4

What is the function of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It attaches to the centromere and separates sister chromatids

Question 5

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding to anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase checkpoint

Question 6

If a cell enters M phase without completing DNA replication, which checkpoint has failed?

Accepted Answer

G$$_2$$ checkpoint

Question 7

What is the main difference between chromatin and a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is the DNA-protein complex, while a chromosome is a condensed, linear piece of DNA

Question 8

During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 9

In animal cells, what structure forms to separate the cytoplasm during cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage furrow

Question 10

A scientist observes a cell with condensed chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell. Which stage of mitosis is this?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of growth factors in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They promote cell division by signaling cells to pass checkpoints

Question 12

Cancer cells are characterized by which of the following behaviors?

Accepted Answer

They divide beyond normal control and can invade neighboring tissues

Question 13

What is metastasis in the context of cancer?

Accepted Answer

The spread of cancer cells from the primary location to other parts of the body

Question 14

Which of the following events occurs during telophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes decondense

Question 15

A plant cell is observed forming a cell plate during division. What process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 16

If a cell fails the metaphase checkpoint, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes may not be evenly distributed to daughter cells

Question 17

Which structure is the microtubule organizing center in animal cells during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 18

Which equation correctly represents the number of chromatids in a cell with $$n$$ chromosomes after DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

$$2n$$

Question 19

A cell is exposed to a chemical that prevents spindle fiber formation. Which stage of mitosis will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Prometaphase

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the stages of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Cellular Basis of Reproduction & Inheritance: Cell Division (BIO1150 Study Notes)

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