Question 1

Which of the following is a feature shared by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 2

Why is the surface area-to-volume ratio important for cell survival?

Accepted Answer

It affects the efficiency of nutrient and waste exchange across the plasma membrane

Question 3

A cube-shaped cell has a side length of $$2\ \mathrm{\mu m}. $$What is its surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$6:1$$

Question 4

Which organelle is directly responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 5

During differential centrifugation, which cellular component is most likely to be found in the pellet after spinning at $$20,000\ g$$ for 20 minutes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It includes the plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and transport vesicles

Question 7

A scientist stains a cell and observes a lightly stained nuclear envelope and another similarly stained compartment. Which organelle is most likely being observed in addition to the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the molecular composition of nucleoli?

Accepted Answer

Regions containing genes for rRNA, ribosomal RNA, and assembling ribosomal subunits

Question 9

If a cell's volume increases by a factor of 8, by what factor does its surface area increase?

Accepted Answer

By a factor of 4

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 11

Which structure regulates the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear pores

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct consequence of a cell having a low surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

Slower diffusion of nutrients and waste products

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a basic feature of all cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 14

Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for cytoplasmic streaming in plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin filaments)

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why epithelial cells in the small intestine have microvilli?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for absorption

Question 16

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of rRNA and protein

Question 17

A mutation disrupts the nuclear lamina in a cell. Which process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance of nuclear shape and organization

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA → mRNA → protein

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of impaired lysosome function in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested cellular debris, leading to diseases such as Tay-Sachs

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Cellular Foundations of Life: A Tour of the Cell

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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