Question 1

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through membrane proteins without energy input.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink because water leaves the cell to the area of higher solute concentration.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the overall chemical reaction for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 32\ ATP$$

Question 4

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced, and what is the role of oxygen in this stage?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation; oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy for cellular work.

Question 6

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to a defect in their mitochondria. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in cells?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration breaking down glucose.

Question 8

What is the main function of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitate the rapid movement of water molecules across the membrane.

Question 9

Which type of enzyme inhibition involves an inhibitor binding to the active site, preventing substrate binding?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibition

Question 10

If a cell needs to import large molecules such as proteins, which transport mechanism will it most likely use?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 11

Which statement best explains why oxygen is essential for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing ATP production.

Question 12

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same size because there is no net movement of water.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They donate electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the movement of glucose from the blood into muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion via carrier proteins

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and produces CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

Question 16

A cell is actively pumping sodium ions out against their concentration gradient. Which type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of redox reactions in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons; reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

CO2

Question 19

A cell is exposed to a toxin that blocks ATP synthase. What immediate effect will this have on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation will decrease sharply.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why your brain uses about 20% of your body's energy?

Accepted Answer

The brain has a high rate of cellular respiration to support rapid signaling and processing.

Cellular Processes: Membrane Transport, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis

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