$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between oxidation and reduction reactions in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation involves the loss of electrons, while reduction involves the gain of electrons.

Question 2

During aerobic respiration, which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 4

Which process directly produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 5

In glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is required for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing ATP production to continue.

Question 7

Which of the following is a product of the citric acid cycle that is used in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 8

If a poison blocks the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, what is the most immediate effect on cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation will stop.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It directly transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

Question 10

During chemiosmosis, how is ATP synthesized?

Accepted Answer

By the movement of protons down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ serves as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Citric acid cycle → Electron transport chain

Question 13

A patient is exposed to cyanide, which inhibits cytochrome c oxidase in the electron transport chain. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport will stop, preventing ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the proton gradient in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

It is used to drive the synthesis of ATP via chemiosmosis.

Question 15

Which molecule is oxidized during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+ from NADH.

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct result of electrons moving through the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a gradient.

Question 18

If the inner mitochondrial membrane becomes permeable to protons, what will happen to ATP production?

Accepted Answer

ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation will decrease.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Direct synthesis of large amounts of ATP

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the electron transport chain and ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient that ATP synthase uses to produce ATP.

Cellular Respiration and Energy Conversion: Study Notes

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