Q: Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration of glucose?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{Energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{Energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 3

Which process in cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

What is the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To accept electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

Question 5

Which of the following statements about redox reactions in cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced

Question 6

In the citric acid cycle, for each acetyl CoA that enters, what are the main products generated?

Accepted Answer

1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for regulating glycolysis through feedback inhibition by ATP?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Question 8

What is the main difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient and ATP synthase

Question 9

Why is the exact number of ATP molecules generated from one molecule of glucose during cellular respiration not always the same?

Accepted Answer

Because the efficiency of ATP synthase varies and some protons leak across the mitochondrial membrane

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why fats yield more ATP per gram than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Fats have more hydrogen atoms and electrons available for transfer to NAD+ and FAD

Question 11

During lactic acid fermentation, what is the fate of pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

It is reduced to lactate by NADH

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the electron transport chain in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It is a series of proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 13

What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It functions as an electron carrier, accepting electrons and becoming reduced to NADH

Question 14

Which of the following statements about fermentation is true?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation regenerates NAD+ by transferring electrons to pyruvate or its derivatives

Question 15

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of cytochromes in mitochondria. Which process would be directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 16

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

The movement of protons down their gradient through ATP synthase drives the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of feedback inhibition in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

High levels of ATP inhibit phosphofructokinase, slowing glycolysis

Question 18

In anaerobic respiration, which of the following can serve as a final electron acceptor instead of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Sulfate ion ($$\mathrm{SO}_4$$^{2-}$$)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why glycolysis can occur in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis does not require oxygen and uses NAD+ as the oxidizing agent

Question 20

A person is fasting and their body begins to break down stored fats for energy. Which process is responsible for converting fatty acids into molecules that can enter the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Beta oxidation

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: Energy Harvesting in Cells

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