$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ O_2$ \rightarrow 6\ CO_2$ + 6\ H_2O + \text{Energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Question 2

During aerobic cellular respiration, which equation correctly represents the overall chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ O_2$ ightarrow 6\ CO_2$ + 6\ H_2O + 	ext{Energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 3

Which process produces the greatest amount of ATP per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic cellular respiration

Question 4

In the absence of oxygen, muscle cells can continue to produce ATP by which process?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 5

Which statement about redox reactions in cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.

Question 6

What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis

Question 7

Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 8

Why do fats produce more ATP per gram than carbohydrates during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids have more hydrogen atoms, providing more electrons for the electron transport chain.

Question 9

Which metabolic pathway is shared by both fermentation and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 10

A yeast cell is placed in an environment lacking oxygen. Which end product will most likely accumulate?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Question 11

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is true?

Accepted Answer

It generates a small amount of ATP during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Question 12

During the citric acid cycle, what happens to the carbons from acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

They are released as CO$$_2.$$

Question 13

Which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 14

If a cell switches from aerobic respiration to fermentation, what is the most immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ regeneration becomes dependent on the reduction of pyruvate.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is necessary in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+.

Question 16

A patient with a genetic defect in the enzyme ATP synthase would most likely have trouble with which process?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP from ADP and phosphate during chemiosmosis

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a possible final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 18

Which step in cellular respiration produces the most NADH per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle

Question 19

Which of the following best describes beta-oxidation?

Accepted Answer

The process by which fatty acids are broken down to enter the citric acid cycle

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the proton gradient established by the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

ATP is synthesized as protons flow through ATP synthase.

Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration & Fermentation: Energy Pathways in Cells

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