$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides immediate energy for cellular work and is constantly regenerated.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net yield of ATP and NADH per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 3

Which enzyme is inhibited by high levels of ATP during glycolysis, and what is the regulatory mechanism called?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase; feedback inhibition

Question 4

What is the primary function of the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To create a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane

Question 5

Which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 6

What is the total number of NADH molecules produced from one glucose molecule after glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

10 NADH

Question 7

Which process allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen by regenerating NAD$$^+$$?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 8

In lactic acid fermentation, what is the fate of pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

It accepts electrons from NADH and is converted to lactate

Question 9

Why is oxygen considered the most effective electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It is highly electronegative, creating a large potential energy difference.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is less efficient than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation produces only 2 ATP per glucose, while aerobic respiration produces about 38 ATP.

Question 11

Which step of cellular respiration occurs in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 12

What is the main purpose of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To reduce NAD$$^+$$ and FAD to NADH and FADH$$_2$$

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It directly transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

Question 15

A patient’s muscle cells are deprived of oxygen during intense exercise. Which metabolic pathway will be primarily used to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 16

Which of the following is a product of pyruvate processing?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl CoA

Question 17

What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ATP using the energy from the proton gradient.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about facultative anaerobes is true?

Accepted Answer

They use fermentation only when an electron acceptor is not available.

Question 19

During the citric acid cycle, how many times does the cycle turn for each glucose molecule metabolized?

Accepted Answer

Twice

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a product of fermentation in yeast cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactate

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: Mechanisms of ATP Production in Cells

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