Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

$$\text{Glucose} \rightarrow 2 \text{Pyruvate} + 2 \text{ATP}$$

Q: Which of the following equations represents substrate-level phosphorylation?

$$\text{ADP} + \text{P}_i$$ transferred directly from a substrate $$\rightarrow \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best distinguishes fermentation from cellular respiration in terms of their final electron acceptors?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation uses pyruvate or its derivatives as the final electron acceptor, while cellular respiration uses oxygen.

Question 2

During lactic acid fermentation in human muscle cells, which molecule accepts electrons from NADH?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} ightarrow 2 	ext{Pyruvate} + 2 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 4

Which process occurs in the cytosol and does NOT require mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 5

What is the primary purpose of fermentation in cells under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD$$^+$$ for glycolysis

Question 6

Alcohol fermentation in yeast results in the production of which two main products?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol and CO$$_2$$

Question 7

Which step of cellular respiration is directly responsible for the majority of ATP production per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 8

In the electron transport chain, what is the role of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the final electron acceptor, forming water.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is less efficient than cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not utilize an electron transport chain and produces only 2 ATP per glucose.

Question 10

Which regulatory mechanism slows glycolysis when ATP levels are high?

Accepted Answer

Feedback inhibition of phosphofructokinase by ATP binding to its regulatory site

Question 11

A mutation disables the ATP synthase enzyme in mitochondria. Which immediate effect would this have on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation would be unable to produce ATP.

Question 12

Which molecule is produced during pyruvate processing and enters the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Question 13

In prokaryotes living in oxygen-poor environments, which alternative molecules can serve as final electron acceptors in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Sulfates, nitrates, and carbonates

Question 14

Which of the following equations represents substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i$$ transferred directly from a substrate $$ightarrow 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the chemiosmotic hypothesis in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

An electrochemical gradient is established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 16

Which step in cellular respiration completes the oxidation of glucose and produces the most NADH per acetyl-CoA?

Accepted Answer

Krebs cycle

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that prevents the use of oxygen as the final electron acceptor in their cells. Which metabolic pathway would their cells rely on for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the fate of NADH produced during glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

It is oxidized back to NAD$$^+$$ during fermentation.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about metabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways break down molecules and produce ATP.

Question 20

If a cell is deprived of carbohydrates, which macromolecule will it utilize next for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Fats

BIO181- 3.3: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation (UNIT3-Energy & Metabolism)

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