Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cyanide poisoning is rapidly fatal to humans?

Accepted Answer

Cyanide inhibits the electron transport chain by preventing electrons from being transferred to oxygen, halting ATP synthesis.

Question 2

What is the correct overall equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 3

During aerobic exercise, why does an increase in the number of mitochondria in muscle cells enhance performance?

Accepted Answer

More mitochondria increase the cell's capacity to produce ATP aerobically, supporting higher energy output.

Question 4

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used as reactants in cellular respiration.

Question 5

A plant is exposed to a toxin that specifically inhibits ATP synthase in the thylakoid membrane. Which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of ATP during the light-dependent reactions.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the fate of the carbon atoms from glucose during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They are released as $$CO_2$$ during the Krebs cycle.

Question 7

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 8

If a mutation prevented the formation of NADH during glycolysis, which of the following would be the most immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

The electron transport chain would receive fewer high-energy electrons, reducing ATP production.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why chlorophyll appears green to the human eye?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll reflects green wavelengths and absorbs red and blue.

Question 10

A scientist discovers a new organism that lacks mitochondria but can still produce ATP. Which process is most likely responsible for ATP production in this organism?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis that is used in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the proton gradient in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

It stores potential energy used to drive ATP synthesis via ATP synthase.

Question 13

If a plant's thylakoid membranes were damaged, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The light-dependent reactions

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct net yield of ATP and NADH from glycolysis of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 15

Which of the following best describes what happens to water molecules during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

They are split to provide electrons, releasing oxygen and hydrogen ions.

Question 16

A patient is exposed to a drug that blocks the function of NADH. Which stage of cellular respiration would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 17

Which of the following is a waste product of photosynthesis formed during the light-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen gas ($$O_2)$$

Question 18

Which of the following correctly matches the location with the process?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain – inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 19

Which of the following is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To convert chemical energy in glucose into ATP for cellular activities

Question 20

Which of the following best describes what happens to carbon dioxide during the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

It is incorporated into organic molecules, eventually forming glucose.

Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Study Guide

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