$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy (ATP)}$$

$$\text{Glucose} \rightarrow 2\text{Pyruvate} + 2\text{ATP} + 2\text{NADH}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration during oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing the formation of water.

Question 2

During glycolysis, which molecule is produced as a net result per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 4

What is the main function of the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To create a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 5

Which process is responsible for the majority of ATP production during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 6

If a poison blocks ATP synthase, which stage of cellular respiration would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmosis

Question 7

How many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

30-32 ATP

Question 8

Which of the following is a key feature of chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

ATP is synthesized as protons flow down their gradient through ATP synthase.

Question 9

In the absence of oxygen, which process allows cells to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic fermentation

Question 10

Which molecule donates electrons to the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 11

What is the main product of the citric acid cycle that is used in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the inner mitochondrial membrane is important for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

It maintains a proton gradient necessary for ATP synthase to function.

Question 13

Which analogy best describes the function of ATP synthase during chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

A turbine in a hydroelectric power plant generating electricity as water flows through it.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle per turn?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 15

What is the main reason why fermentation produces less ATP than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not use the electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 16

Which equation represents the ATP yield from substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} ightarrow 2	ext{Pyruvate} + 2	ext{ATP} + 2	ext{NADH}$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the proton gradient in mitochondria is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is established by the movement of electrons through the electron transport chain.

Question 18

A patient is exposed to cyanide, which inhibits cytochrome c oxidase in the electron transport chain. What is the most immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation stops.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate molecule.

Question 20

Which step in cellular respiration produces the most NADH per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle

Cellular Respiration: Oxidative Phosphorylation & Anaerobic Regulation

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